Cayayaan asal ahaan ka soo jeeda qaaradda Afrika — oo aan ka weyneyn injirta madaxa gasha — ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraya kordhinta wax-soo-saarka dalagyada saliidda leh ee Hindiya.
Waxaa laga yaabaa in ay la yaab kugu noqoto, balse waa run. Cayayaankan waxaa la yiraahdaa daaniyaha saliid timireedka Afrika (Elaidobius camerunicus).
“Cayayaankan yar ee nartiga ah” ayaa markii uu yimid wax weyn beddeley beeraha saliid timireedka Hindiya. Wuxuu ka caawiyay geedaha inay si dabiici ah isku bacrimiyaan, taas oo keentay in wax-soo-saarka iyo beeritaanka timirtu ay aad u kordhaan.
Hindiya illaa hadda waxay ku tiirsanayd dalag-dhaqameedkii saliidda cuntada laga helo. Laakiin tirada dadweynaha Hindiya ee sida xawliga legh u tarmaya awgeed, waxaa qasab noqotay in la helo qaabab kale oo lagu buuxin karo buuxinta baahiyahooda cunto.Miraha timirta ee saliidda laga tuujiyo waxay soo saaraan saliid ka badan shan jibaar mar ka la barbardhigo dalagyada kale ee dalka laga beero. Taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay isaga oo aan lahayn xilli go’an lahayn oo sannadka oo dhan wax soo saara.
Dalag-dhaqameedka saliidda laga sameeyo ee Hindiya caanka ku tahay, sida sisinta, lawska, khardal iyo qumbaha, waa dalagyo xilliyeed aan la isku halleyn karin. Haddii roob badani da’o ama abaar dhacdo, wax-soo-saarkoodu wuu yaraadaa. Sidaas darteed, ma sahlana in la hubiyo wax-soo-saar joogto ah.
Xaaladdan awgeedna, saliid timireedka ayaa la doorbiday maadaama loo arko dalag lagu kalsoonaan karo mid xal u u noqon kara saliid yaraanta mararka qaar dalka soo foodsaarta.
Iyadoo la tixgelinayo baahiyaha mustaqbalka, dowladda dhexe ee Hindiya waxay 2021-kii billowday Mashruuca Qaranka ee Saliidda Cuntada – Timirta Saliidda (NMEO-OP) si loo dhiirrigeliyo beeritaanka timirta saliidda laga sameeyo.
Ka dib cilmi-baris la seemeyeyna waxaa la ogaadey in cimillada dalka ay ku habboon tahay beeritaankageed timireedka saliidda oo loo qoondeeyey dhul dhan 2.8 milyan hektar oo ku yaal gobollo kala duwan.
Sannadkii 1991–92, geed mireedka saliidda waxaa lagu beeray dhul ku fahiya 8,000 hektar oo keliya, laakiin sida laga soo xigtey Wasaaradda Beeraha ee Hindiya, laga soo billaabo Maarso 2025, baaxadda dhul beeraadku waxay kor u dhaaftay 556,000 hektar.
Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee mashruuca NMEO-OP waa in dhulkaasi la gaarsiiyo 1 milyan oo hektar sannadka soo socda.
Sidee cayayaanka Afrikada u kordhiyeen wax-soo-saarka Hindiya?
Khaburo dhanka beeraha ah oo ka socda dalka Malaysia ah ayaa helay cayayaankan oo lagu magacaabo Elaidobius camerunicus inuu mas’uul ka yahay bacriminta dabiiciga ah ee geedaha timirta saliidda ee Galbeedka Afrika — halkaas oo geedkani asal ahaan ka yimid.
Hore, Hindiya iyo Malaysia labaduba waxaa khasab ku ahayd in manka laga soo ururiyo ubaxa geedaha labka ah si gacanta loogu mariyo geedaha dheddigga ah.
Cayayaankan waxaa laga keenay Afrika, iyadoo la geeyay Malaysia 1981-kii, halkaas oo lagu sii daayay beeraha timirta saliidda. Markaas ka dib, wax-soo-saarkii si lamafilaan ah ayuu u kordhay.
Markii la arkay guushaas, Hindiya-na waxay qaaday isla dariiqii.Bogga jaamacadda Tamil Nadu Agricultural University ayaa sheegay in cayayaankan markii ugu horraysay lagu soo bandhigay Hindiya, gaar ahaan gobolka Kerala, sanadkii 1985.
Dabadeed, 1988-kii, cilmi-baaris buuxda ayaa laga sameeyay meerto nololeedka cayayaankan ee beeraha timirta saliidda, iyadoo lagu qabtay Machadka Cilmi-baarista geed timireedka saliidda ee Hindiya (IIOPR) ee malasada Pedavegi ee gobolka Andhra Pradesh. Mas’uuliyiinta beerahuna waxay sheegeen in koror weyn ku yimid tirada miraha ee ku samaysma geed kasta, iyo tayada saliidda laga helo, taas oo sababtay wax-soo-saar badan iyo tayo sare.
Shyam Prasad oo ah sarkaal ka tirsan waaxda beeraha ee degmada Jagtial, ayaa BBC-da u sheegay in “Ka hor intii aan cayayaankan imaan Hindiya, cadadka miraha ka soo go’ayey geeduhu uu ahaa 25–28% oo qura, laakiin hadda waxay gaartay 78–85%.”
Hadda Andhra Pradesh iyo Telangana ayaa ah gobollada ugu waaweyn Hindiya ee laga beer timirta saliidda.
Sida ku cad xogihii ugu dambeeyey ee la helay 2020, timirta saliidda waxaa lagu beeraa 1.86 lakh hektar oo Andhra Pradesh ah iyo 1.12 lakh hektar oo Telangana ah. Labadaas gobol, oo ay weheliso Kerala, ayaana ka dhigan 98% wax-soo-saarka guud ee dalka.
Warbixin dhowaan laga jeediyey Golaha Baarlamaanka Hindiya ee loo yaqaan Lok Sabha, ayaa lagu sheegay in waxsoosaarka saliidda ee labadaas gobol uu si weyn u kordhay.
Warbixin kale oo NMEO-OP khuseysa ayaa tilmaamaysa in sannadkii maaliyadeed ee 2020–21, isticmaalka saliidda cuntada ee Hindiya uu gaaray 25 milyan tan, halka wax-soo-saarku ahaa 12.28 milyan tan oo keliya. Si haddaba loo buuxiyo farqigaas, Hindiya waxay soo dejisay 13.35 milyan tan saliid ah, qiimaheeduna ahaa 80,000 crore rupiyo, iyadoo palm oil-ku ahaa 56% saliidda la soo dejiyey.
Sidoo kale, warbixintu waxay sheegtay in isticmaalka saliidda qof walba oo Hindi ah uu ka kordhay 15.8 kg (2012–13) ilaa 19 kg (2020–21). Xogta lixdii sano ee u dambeysay (2015–2021) ayaa muujinaysa in Hindiya ay soo dibedda ka soo iibsato in ka badan kala bar baahideeda saliidda gudaha.
Sidee timirta saliiddu ku timid Hindiya?
Dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19-aad, Ingiriisku markii ugu horraysay ayaa geeyay geedaha timirta saliidda, kaas oo lagu beeray Beerta Qaranka ee Calcutta. Ka dib, geedahaan waxaa lagu arkay qaybo ka mid ah dalka, balse badankood waxaa loo beeray cilmi-baaris saynis ah oo keliya.
Sida lagu sheegay warbixin uu soo saaray Machadka Cilmi-baarista Dalagyada Beeraha (CPCRI) sanadkii 1992, waxaa timirta saliidda lagu beeray qaybo ka mid ah gobolka Maharashtra, si loo xoojiyo bangiyada kanaallada waraabka.
Kerala ayaa noqotay gobolkii ugu horreeya Hindiya ee billaabay beeritaanka timirta saliidda. 1960-kii, wasaaradda beeraha ee gobolkaas waxay bilowday beeritaan 40 hektar ah oo ku yaalla deegaanka Thodupuzha.
Beeritaanka timirta saliidda ee heer beeraley yar ayaa markii ugu horraysay laga billaabay Andhra Pradesh, gaar ahaan Pedavegi, sanadkii 1987, iyadoo la beertay 160 hektar oo ay iska leeyihiin 86 beeraley. Kadibna,waxaa la aas-aasay Machadka Cilmi-baarista Timirta Saliidda ee Hindiya (IIOPR).
Gobolka Telangana, beeritaanka timirta saliidda waxaa markii hore ku bilaabay beeraley maxalli ah oo ka tirsan degmada Khammam, waxaana sanadihii dambe uu ku fiday gobollada waqooyi ee gobolkaas.
Cayayaanka timirta saliidda ee Afrika ayaa markii ugu horraysay dhowaan lagu sii daayay beeraha timirta saliidda ee degmada Jagtial.
“In kasta oo cayayaankan laga keenay dal shisheeye, haddana wax khatar ah kuma hayo dalagyada reer guriga ah, sababtoo ah wareeg nololeedkiisu wuxuu ku dhamaadaa ubaxa timirta saliidda oo keliya,” ayuu yiri Shyam Prasad oo ah sarkaalka beeraha ee Jagtial, mar uu la hadlay BBC.
